Video Tutorial “code-along”: Faults

This tutorial demonstrates step-by-step how to add faults to our geological models created with gempy. It follows the Video tutorial series available on the [gempy YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@GemPy3D). Please follow the first part of the tutorial to learn the basics of modeling with gempy before diving into this tutorial.

Video tutorial faults: Introduction

The first video introduces the concept of modeling faults with GemPy - please view online before starting the tutorial.

# Required imports
import gempy as gp
import gempy_viewer as gpv
import numpy as np

# Path to input data
data_path = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cgre-aachen/gempy_data/master/"
path_to_data = data_path + "/data/input_data/video_tutorials_v3/"

# Create instance of geomodel
geo_model = gp.create_geomodel(
    project_name = 'tutorial_model_faults',
    extent=[0,3000,0,1000,0,1000],
    resolution=[90,30,30],
    importer_helper=gp.data.ImporterHelper(
        path_to_orientations=path_to_data + "tutorial_model_faults_1_orientations.csv",
        path_to_surface_points=path_to_data + "tutorial_model_faults_1_surface_points.csv"
    )
)

Surface points hash:  dd7b2f714c1c20cb7ce615c5c47ecc4cf3ca2ee3419e4090b2f11fbf633d459f
Orientations hash:  4043b59bbfa7012abd818f04f74e2b0667ba970dd71c781512289bc073f5a6d5

# Display a basic cross section of input data
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model);

<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f57803cf4d0>

# Map geological series to surfaces
gp.map_stack_to_surfaces(
    gempy_model=geo_model,
    mapping_object={
        "Fault_Series1" : ('fault'),
        "Strat_Series1": ('rock3'),
        "Strat_Series2": ('rock2', 'rock1'),
    }
)

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Strat_Seri... Fault_Series1 Strat_Series1 Strat_Series2
	True False

# Define youngest structural group as fault
gp.set_is_fault(geo_model, ["Fault_Series1"])

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Strat_Seri... Fault_Series1 Strat_Series1 Strat_Series2
	True False

# Compute a solution for the model
gp.compute_model(geo_model)

Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
GPU requested but unavailable; falling back to CPU (GEMPY_GPU_FALLBACK=True)
Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
Chunking done: 17 chunks

Solutions: 4 Octree Levels, 4 DualContouringMeshes

# Display the result in 2d section
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model, cell_number=20)
# gpv.plot_3d(geo_model)

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# Display the scalar field of the fault in 2d section
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model, show_scalar=True, show_lith=False, series_n=0)
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model, show_scalar=True, show_lith=False, series_n=1)
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model, show_scalar=True, show_lith=False, series_n=2)

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<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f5782d71350>

Video tutorial 9: Fault relations

# ***Warning***: In the following section we will make several changes to the existing model. This includes adding new elements, groups, surface points and orientation and reordering the structural frame. Executing these cells more than once can lead to errors as things will be added twice.

# Creating a new strucutral element with surface point and orientation data
new_element = gp.data.StructuralElement(
    name='fault0',
    color=next(geo_model.structural_frame.color_generator),
    surface_points=gp.data.SurfacePointsTable.from_arrays(
        x=np.array([2750, 2750, 2750]),
        y=np.array([0, 500, 1000]),
        z=np.array([400, 400, 400]),
        names=['fault0']*3
    ),
    orientations=gp.data.OrientationsTable.from_arrays(
        x=np.array([2750]),
        y=np.array([500]),
        z=np.array([400]),
        G_x=np.array([0.8]),
        G_y=np.array([0]),
        G_z=np.array([0.6]),
        names=['fault0']
        )
)

# Creating a new structural group that contains the new element
group_fault0 = gp.data.StructuralGroup(
    name='Fault_Series0',
    elements=[new_element],
    structural_relation=gp.data.StackRelationType.ERODE,
)

# Insert the fault group into the structural frame at first position (index 0)
geo_model.structural_frame.insert_group(index=0, group=group_fault0);

# Define youngest structural group as fault
gp.set_is_fault(geo_model, ["Fault_Series0"])

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series0 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault0 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Fault_Seri... Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Strat_Seri... Fault_Series0 Fault_Series1 Strat_Series1 Strat_Series2
	True False

# Add additional information for exisitng elements on other side of fault
gp.add_surface_points(
    geo_model=geo_model,
    x=[2950, 2950, 2950],
    y=[0, 500, 1000],
    z=[500, 500, 500],
    elements_names=['rock2']*3
);

gp.add_surface_points(
    geo_model=geo_model,
    x=[2950, 2950, 2950],
    y=[0, 500, 1000],
    z=[350, 350, 350],
    elements_names=['rock1']*3
);

gp.add_surface_points(
    geo_model=geo_model,
    x=[2950, 2950, 2950],
    y=[0, 500, 1000],
    z=[550, 500, 500],
    elements_names=['rock3']*3
);

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series0 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault0 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Fault_Seri... Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Strat_Seri... Fault_Series0 Fault_Series1 Strat_Series1 Strat_Series2
	True False

# Display input data with the new fault and the additional input data for the other elements
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model, show_data=True, show_boundaries=False, show_lith=False)

<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f5780242e50>

# Recompute the model with the new information
gp.compute_model(geo_model)

Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
GPU requested but unavailable; falling back to CPU (GEMPY_GPU_FALLBACK=True)
Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
Chunking done: 19 chunks
Chunking done: 6 chunks

Solutions: 4 Octree Levels, 5 DualContouringMeshes

# Display the new result
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model)

<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f57803a17d0>

# Switching the order by adding a new group containing rock3 on top
gp.add_structural_group(
    model=geo_model,
    group_index=0,
    structural_group_name="Strat_Series0",
    elements=[
        geo_model.structural_frame.get_element_by_name("rock3")
    ],
    structural_relation=gp.data.StackRelationType.ERODE
)

# Removing the old group that contained rock3
gp.remove_structural_group_by_name(geo_model, group_name="Strat_Series1")

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series0 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series0 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault0 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Strat_Seri... Fault_Seri... Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Strat_Series0 Fault_Series0 Fault_Series1 Strat_Series2
	True False

# Recompute the model with new order
gp.compute_model(geo_model)

Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
GPU requested but unavailable; falling back to CPU (GEMPY_GPU_FALLBACK=True)
Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
Chunking done: 19 chunks
Chunking done: 6 chunks

Solutions: 4 Octree Levels, 5 DualContouringMeshes

# Display the new result
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model)

<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f5778346450>

# Set fault relations manually
gp.set_fault_relation(
    frame=geo_model.structural_frame,
    rel_matrix=np.array([
        [0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 1],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]
    ]
    )
)

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series0 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series0 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault0 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Strat_Seri... Fault_Seri... Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Strat_Series0 Fault_Series0 Fault_Series1 Strat_Series2
	True False

# Recompute model
gp.compute_model(geo_model)

Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
GPU requested but unavailable; falling back to CPU (GEMPY_GPU_FALLBACK=True)
Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
Chunking done: 18 chunks
Chunking done: 6 chunks

Solutions: 4 Octree Levels, 5 DualContouringMeshes

# Display result
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model)

<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f57ec712dd0>

Video tutorial 10: Fault groups and cross-cutting faults

# Create instance of new geomodel
geo_model_cross = gp.create_geomodel(
    project_name = 'tutorial_model_faults_2',
    extent=[0,1000,0,500,0,1000],
    resolution=[50,25,50],
    importer_helper=gp.data.ImporterHelper(
        path_to_orientations=path_to_data + "tutorial_model_faults_2_orientations.csv",
        path_to_surface_points=path_to_data + "tutorial_model_faults_2_surface_points.csv"
    )
)

Surface points hash:  38f5cea475a16c39c086323290f300d93f77b426cc59dd8854ecd80a3d1d52e5
Orientations hash:  506732f29984a1e788b2e84f833a82b60dcb1395471177153b4b18958acd5947

# Map geological series to surfaces
gp.map_stack_to_surfaces(
    gempy_model=geo_model_cross,
    mapping_object={
        "Fault_Series2" : ('fault3', 'fault2'),
        "Fault_Series1" : ('fault1'),
        "Strat_Series": ('rock3', 'rock2', 'rock1'),
    }
)

# Define youngest structural group as fault
gp.set_is_fault(geo_model_cross, ["Fault_Series1", "Fault_Series2"])

# Change color of basement for better visibility
geo_model_cross.structural_frame.basement_color="#F7B529"
geo_model_cross.structural_frame.structural_elements[0].color = '#000000'
geo_model_cross.structural_frame.structural_elements[1].color = '#36454F'
geo_model_cross.structural_frame.structural_elements[2].color = '#D3D3D3'

geo_model_cross.structural_frame

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault3 StructuralElement: Name: fault2 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault1 StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Fault_Seri... Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Fault_Series2 Fault_Series1 Strat_Series
	True False

# Set fault relations manually
gp.set_fault_relation(
    frame=geo_model_cross.structural_frame,
    rel_matrix=np.array([
        [0, 1, 1],
        [0, 0, 1],
        [0, 0, 0],
    ]
    )
)

Structural Groups:	StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series2 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault3 StructuralElement: Name: fault2 StructuralGroup: Name: Fault_Series1 Structural Relation: StackRelationType.FAULT Elements: StructuralElement: Name: fault1 StructuralGroup: Name: Strat_Series Structural Relation: StackRelationType.ERODE Elements: StructuralElement: Name: rock3 StructuralElement: Name: rock2 StructuralElement: Name: rock1
Fault Relations:	Fault_Seri... Fault_Seri... Strat_Seri... Fault_Series2 Fault_Series1 Strat_Series
	True False

# Display input data on cross section
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model_cross)

<gempy_viewer.modules.plot_2d.visualization_2d.Plot2D object at 0x7f5953967a50>

# Compute model
gp.compute_model(geo_model_cross)

Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
GPU requested but unavailable; falling back to CPU (GEMPY_GPU_FALLBACK=True)
Setting Backend To: AvailableBackends.PYTORCH
Chunking done: 7 chunks

Solutions: 4 Octree Levels, 6 DualContouringMeshes

# Display reusult on cross section
gpv.plot_2d(geo_model_cross)


# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = -1

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